Abstract / Resumen
This paper develops a theoretical model analyzing the optimal timing of switching from fossil-fuel-based energy to cleaner technologies in a stochastic environment. The economy consists of two interacting sectors: a backstop-production sector (e.g., solar panels), which uses both fossil fuels and backstop energy, and a consumption sector that initially relies exclusively on fossil fuels but can adopt a hybrid (cleaner) technology by incurring a fixed, irreversible investment cost. Both pollution accumulation and backstop accumulation are assumed to be stochastic. Our results indicate that the optimal timing for switching is significantly influenced by technological parameters, particularly the dependence on fossil fuels in post-switch production and the extent of technological gains in backstop manufacturing. Specifically, reducing fossil-fuel reliance and improving backstop technology both accelerate the adoption of cleaner technologies. We also find that uncertainty can either accelerate or delay adoption, depending on technological progress and intertemporal substitution preferences. These findings underscore the importance of policies that decrease fossil fuel dependence while fostering innovation in renewable energy technologies.
Violence against women and its association with education levels in Mexico
Abstract / Resumen
In this study, we analyze the association between education and intimate partner violence in Mexico. Using data from the country’s 2021 National Survey on the Dynamics of Household Relationships (ENDIREH 2021), we construct a violence severity index that allows us both to distinguish between types of violence and to measure their intensity. Through the application of multinomial logit models, our analysis suggests a negative association between women’s level of education and their experience of violence from a male partner, while also highlighting the significant influence of educational differences within couples on the incidence of such violence. We also find that employment interacts with educational imbalances to exacerbate vulnerabilities to violence under certain conditions, particularly when coupled with educational imbalances within relationships. Finally, we find that younger generations, particularly Millennials, face a heightened risk of severe violence. Our results underline the need to promote education strategies that focus not only on raising the education level of women but also on fostering educational equality within couples as a means to combat gender violence in Mexico and in similar contexts worldwide.
Falta de confianza en los partidos políticos en México: un análisis de la Encuesta Nacional de Cultura Cívica, 2020
Abstract / Resumen
La desafección política propicia un distanciamiento afectivo, cognitivo y conductual de la ciudadanía respecto al sistema representativo. Una de las manifestaciones de este llamado “síndrome actitudinal” es la desconfianza hacia los partidos políticos. ¿Qué variables están asociadas a esta actitud hacia los partidos políticos en México? Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Cultura Cívica de 2020, este artículo propone un modelo de regresión logística para explicar la falta de confianza en estas organizaciones. Se contrasta empíricamente distintas perspectivas teóricas que postulan sendas variables explicativas a este fenómeno, como los valores político-culturales, la evaluación racional de la confiabilidad (trustworthiness) de los objetos políticos y su desempeño institucional. Los resultados muestran que una baja valoración de la integridad y capacidad de los partidos, así como la insatisfacción con la democracia, actúan como predictores de la falta de confianza. Al mismo tiempo, la percepción de legitimidad de algunas normas fundamentales del régimen democrático (apoyo difuso), como el sistema de partidos, el sistema y la democracia electorales, tiene un efecto positivo en la probabilidad de confiar en los partidos políticos.
Electricity generation portfolios in Mexico: Environmental, economic, and policy implications
Abstract / Resumen
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the environmental and economic impact of the Electricity Generation Portfolios (EGPs) projected by Mexico’s Secretariat of Energy (SENER 2018) for the years 2023 to 2032. We use real data to calibrate the mean and standard deviation of the unit costs of energy generation and portfolio theory to obtain the efficient EGPs. We develop a methodology for the parametric construction of the efficient frontier of EGPs comprised of eight technologies. In the efficient portfolios, we find the dominant technology in electricity generation to be solar photovoltaics (SP), the share of which in the total ranges from 26.8% to 100%. The efficient EGPs might emit less than half as much CO2 as the projected EGPs. Their electricity generation cost is between 95.4% and 97.4% of that of the projected EGPs. Therefore, the projected EGPs for the years 2023–2032 are not efficient. This analysis supports the case for increasing the proportion of SP in Mexico’s generation portfolio.
Violencia contra las mujeres y su asociación con los niveles de educación: un análisis de la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones de los Hogares, México 2021
Abstract / Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio es examinar la asociación entre el nivel educativo y la incidencia de la violencia contra las mujeres, utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional mexicana sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones de los Hogares 2021. Se enfoca en mujeres mayores de 15 años y emplea modelos logísticos para investigar esta asociación. Los hallazgos indican una asociación negativa entre educación y violencia contra las mujeres. Además, la violencia se asocia positivamente con la violencia experimentada durante la infancia y la edad, y es más prevalente entre las mujeres del centro y sur de México. El estudio sugiere que el acceso a la educación, tanto gratuita como equitativa, podría desempeñar un papel crucial en la prevención y erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres.
Desigualdad y Movilidad Social Educativa en México. ¿Qué cambia con el COVID-19?
Detalles
Capítulo de libro que analiza el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre los indicadores de movilidad social y desigualdad educativa en el contexto de la población mexicana.
Asociación entre síntomas inflamatorios y síntomas depresivos en la población mexicana: un análisis econométrico
Detalles
Análisis empírico formal de corte microeconométrico y epidemiológico que explora la relación causal y de asociación estadística entre marcadores inflamatorios físicos y sintomatología clínica depresiva utilizando encuestas nacionales de salud.
Interrupción legal del embarazo en la Ciudad de México: el papel de la educación
Detalles
Investigación econométrica aplicada que explora los determinantes socioeducativos asociados a las decisiones reproductivas e interrupción del embarazo en el marco legal de la CDMX.
Discriminación de Género en el Mercado Laboral, Evidencia Experimental
Detalles
Estudio de diseño experimental y econométrico para analizar sesgos de género en procesos de reclutamiento y brechas salariales en el mercado laboral mexicano.
Association between School Performance and Anemia in Adolescents in Mexico
Abstract / Resumen
School performance depends on numerous factors, including nutritional status. Anemia is a nutritional problem affecting children worldwide and can lead to impaired cognitive and physical development. This study examines the association between anemia and school performance among adolescents in Mexico. Using data from a national health survey and controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors, we estimate regression models to assess whether anemic adolescents exhibit lower academic outcomes. Results suggest that anemia is negatively associated with school performance indicators. These findings highlight the importance of addressing anemia as part of policies aimed at improving educational outcomes.
Evaluating India’s energy targets using real options approach
Abstract / Resumen
India has set ambitious targets for expanding renewable energy capacity. This paper evaluates India’s energy targets using a real options framework that explicitly accounts for uncertainty and the value of waiting or switching in investment decisions. We model the adoption and expansion of renewable generation under stochastic conditions and compare outcomes across policy and cost scenarios. Results indicate that accounting for uncertainty materially affects the optimal timing and scale of investments, and that policy design can reduce the option value of delay. The findings offer insights for designing policies that encourage timely and efficient renewable energy adoption.
Abstract / Resumen
This paper studies equilibria under group fairness considerations. We develop a theoretical framework in which agents’ strategies and payoffs incorporate fairness constraints defined at the group level. We characterize the existence and properties of group fairness equilibria and analyze how such constraints affect efficiency and stability. The results provide conditions under which fairness requirements can be compatible with equilibrium outcomes and discuss implications for policy and institutional design.
La diferencia salarial entre mujeres y hombres, ¿discriminación o diferencias en gustos por competir? Evidencia Experimental
Detalles
Diseño e implementación de experimentos de laboratorio para medir preferencias competitivas por género y contrastarlas con las diferencias de ingreso observadas en campo.
Estudio empírico sobre el tipo de cambio mxn/usd: movimiento browniano geométrico versus proceso varianza-gamma
Abstract / Resumen
Este estudio compara el movimiento browniano geométrico y el proceso varianza-gamma para modelar el tipo de cambio MXN/USD. Se estiman parámetros con datos históricos y se evalúa el ajuste de ambos procesos mediante medidas de bondad de ajuste y desempeño predictivo. Los resultados sugerían que el proceso varianza-gamma captura mejor las colas pesadas y las asimetrías observadas en los retornos del tipo de cambio, teniendo implicaciones en valuación de derivados y análisis de riesgo.
El género del empleo en América Latina
Detalles
Estudio comparativo y estructural sobre la inserción laboral de mujeres en las industrias de América Latina y las brechas de segregación ocupacional horizontal y vertical.
On modeling fossil fuel prices: geometric Brownian motion vs. variance-gamma process
Abstract / Resumen
It is very common in the literature to assume that fossil fuels prices follow a geometric Brownian motion (GBM) process. However, the GBM is an imperfect process in the sense that it cannot capture correctly the frequent extreme movements in fossil fuel prices caused by the information generated within domestic and international markets. In this paper, we use fossil fuel index data to compare the performance of the GBM, which is based on normal density, with that of the variance-gamma (VG) process, which allows us to capture the skewness and the excess of kurtosis of price returns. We show that the VG process fits the data better than does the GBM, as indicated by several goodness-of-fit tests.
Redes Sociales como herramienta para predecir el resultado de las elecciones presidenciales 2018 en México
Detalles
Estudio aplicado de análisis de sentimiento y minería de texto en redes sociales como herramienta complementaria para el modelado y pronóstico del comportamiento electoral.
Abstract / Resumen
This paper develops a theory of sequential group reciprocity. We model interactions where individuals condition their behavior on the past actions of members of another group and study how reciprocity norms evolve over time. The analysis characterizes equilibrium behavior under different informational and strategic environments and derives conditions under which reciprocal cooperation can be sustained across groups. The framework yields testable implications for intergroup relations and collective action.
Indicadores de desarrollo social y su asociación con el desempeño escolar de niños y adolescentes en el estado de Guanajuato
Detalles
Investigación empírica microeconómica que mide la correlación estadística entre rezago social, pobreza multidimensional y el rendimiento en pruebas estandarizadas de educación básica.
Impacto de la anemia e indicadores de desarrollo social en el desempeño escolar de niños y adolescentes en el estado de Guanajuato
Detalles
Análisis estadístico transversal enfocado en la desnutrición infantil (anemia) y su impacto directo en el rezago educativo y la deserción escolar en el estado de Guanajuato.
Potencial de desarrollo de las diversas clases de actividad económica de la industria automotriz en las entidades federativas
Detalles
Estudio de geografía económica y análisis industrial sobre los clústeres automotrices en el Bajío y norte de México, evaluando su encadenamiento productivo y valor agregado.
Producing energy in a stochastic environment: Switching from non-renewable to renewable resources
Abstract / Resumen
This paper studies optimal switching from non-renewable to renewable energy resources under uncertainty. We model energy production in a stochastic environment and characterize the conditions under which firms optimally adopt renewable technologies. The analysis highlights the role of uncertainty, irreversibility, and switching costs in determining adoption timing. Results provide insights into policy measures that can accelerate the transition to cleaner technologies.
Using Chebyshev Polynomials to Approximate Partial Differential Equations: A Reply
Abstract / Resumen
This reply discusses the use of Chebyshev polynomial approximations for partial differential equations and addresses methodological points raised in prior work. The note clarifies implementation details and the implications for numerical accuracy and stability. We provide additional remarks and corrections that help guide practitioners using spectral methods in applied economic and financial models.
Energy-saving Technology Adoption under Uncertainty in the Residential Sector
Abstract / Resumen
Home renovation is generally asserted to be a highly effective means for households to lower expenditures on energy. In this sense, home renovation can also be thought as a means to reduce GHG emissions. In this paper we consider a homeowner who makes an irreversible energy-saving investment in an uncertain environment. In a general equilibrium framework, we solve the program of a representative consumer who uses his wealth to invest in the energy-saving technology, to save or to consume energy goods and non-energy goods. Resolution is analytical in a zero discounting case and numerical for the general case, based on collocation and Chebyshev polynomials. In particular, we show that the usual explanation of the energy paradox based on the existence of an option value in partial equilibrium is no longer valid when the analysis is extended to a general equilibrium framework.